Getting Around Afghanistan
Understanding your transportation options for safe and efficient travel
Note on Transportation
Transportation in Afghanistan can be unpredictable. Roads may be in poor condition, especially in rural areas, and schedules can change with little notice. Always build flexibility into your travel plans.
Domestic Flights
For traveling long distances within Afghanistan, domestic flights are often the most convenient and time-efficient option. Several airlines operate domestic routes connecting major cities.
Domestic Airlines
- Kam Air - Afghanistan's largest private airline operates flights to most major cities including Kabul, Herat, Mazar-i-Sharif, and Kandahar.
- Ariana Afghan Airlines - The national carrier offers domestic routes connecting key destinations across the country.
Flight schedules can change frequently, and it's advisable to book tickets through a local travel agent who can assist with any changes or cancellations. When booking, consider:
- Booking at least a few days in advance for popular routes
- Confirming your flight 24 hours before departure
- Arriving at the airport at least 2 hours before domestic flights
- Being prepared for security checks and potential delays
Car Rentals and Private Drivers
Renting a car with a driver is a popular option for travelers in Afghanistan. Self-drive rentals are generally not recommended due to challenging road conditions, security concerns, and complex local driving customs.
Hiring a Car with Driver
Benefits of hiring a car with a driver include:
- Local knowledge of routes and conditions
- Assistance with navigation and communication
- Flexibility to stop at points of interest
- Security advantages of traveling with a local
Costs vary depending on the type of vehicle, distance, and duration. Expect to pay around $50-100 USD per day for a car with driver for city travel, and more for intercity journeys or 4x4 vehicles for rough terrain.
It's recommended to arrange car hire through your hotel or a reputable travel agency. Always agree on the price beforehand and clarify whether costs like fuel, tolls, and driver accommodation are included.
Public Transportation
Afghanistan has various forms of public transportation that are used by locals and can be an authentic (though sometimes challenging) experience for travelers.
Public Transport Tips
When using public transportation in Afghanistan, it's advisable to travel with a local guide who can help navigate the system, communicate with drivers, and ensure you're on the right vehicle. Women travelers should be aware that some forms of public transport have gender-segregated seating.
Railways
Afghanistan's railway system is in the early stages of development. Currently, there is a short railway line connecting Mazar-i-Sharif to the Uzbekistan border, primarily used for freight but with limited passenger service.
The railway line connecting Mazar-i-Sharif to Uzbekistan was inaugurated in 2011 as part of efforts to enhance regional connectivity.
Several other railway projects are in various planning stages, including connections to Iran, Pakistan, and Turkmenistan, which could significantly improve transportation infrastructure in the coming years.
Road Conditions and Travel Times
Road quality varies considerably across Afghanistan:
- Ring Road - The main highway circling the country connects major cities including Kabul, Kandahar, Herat, and Mazar-i-Sharif. Sections have been improved, but conditions vary.
- Urban Roads - Generally better maintained in city centers, though traffic congestion can be severe, especially in Kabul.
- Rural and Mountain Roads - Often unpaved, narrow, and challenging to navigate, particularly in remote areas and during adverse weather conditions.
Estimated Travel Times Between Major Cities
| Route | Distance (km) | By Road | By Air |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kabul to Mazar-i-Sharif | 425 | 8-10 hours | 1 hour |
| Kabul to Herat | 640 | 15-18 hours | 1.5 hours |
| Kabul to Kandahar | 490 | 10-12 hours | 1 hour |
| Mazar-i-Sharif to Herat | 720 | 16-20 hours | N/A (connect via Kabul) |
| Herat to Kandahar | 560 | 12-14 hours | N/A (connect via Kabul) |
Note: Travel times are approximates and can vary significantly based on road conditions, weather, checkpoints, and other factors.
Safety Considerations
Transportation safety is a significant concern when traveling in Afghanistan:
- Always research current security conditions before planning travel between cities
- Consider traveling with a trusted local guide or fixer who understands the local situation
- Avoid nighttime travel on highways and rural roads
- Be aware that checkpoints are common on major routes
- Keep identification documents easily accessible for checkpoints
- Consider domestic flights for longer journeys when available
Important Safety Notice
Security situations can change rapidly in Afghanistan. Always consult updated travel advisories from your government and seek local advice before undertaking any journey, particularly to areas outside major cities.